FieldsBioprocessing and fermentation
Experiments here usually have about 4 factors and a dozen runs. Full factorials and fractional factorials are the most common.
- Full factorial
- Fractional factorial or screening
- Central composite or Box-Behnken
- Other designs
Show the numbers
| Kind of design | Experiments | Factors | Runs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Full factorial | 14 | 2.5 | 16 |
| Fractional factorial or screening | 7 | 4 | 12 |
| Central composite or Box-Behnken | 6 | 2 | 9 |
| Other designs | 7 | 2 | 12 |
Factors and runs are the medians of each kind.
Full factorial
Every combination of the factor levels.
- Bioreactor profit: the first 2^2 factorial around the baselineDunn (2026) · 2 factors, 5 runs
- Bioreactor profit: the second 2^2 factorial, centred on run 6Dunn (2026) · 2 factors, 5 runs
- Bioreactor yield: a 2^4 full factorial in feed rate, inoculant size, substrate concentration and DO set-pointDunn (2026) · 4 factors, 16 runs
- Conversion against temperature T and substrate S: main effects by handDunn (2026) · 2 factors, 4 runs
- Conversion, where temperature and substrate interact: effects by handDunn (2026) · 2 factors, 4 runs
Show the rest
- Activity against C. albicans of an antifungal antibiotic from Thermomonospora sp MTCC 3340: carbon source, nitrogen source and temperature, a 3^3 (Problem 9.28)Montgomery (2013) · 3 factors, 27 runs
- Nisin extraction in aqueous two-phase solutions: concentrations of PEG and Na2SO4, a 2^2 run twice (Problem 5.33)Montgomery (2013) · 2 factors, 8 runs
- Surfactin production of Problem 6.40 with six centre runs (Problem 6.41)Montgomery (2013) · 4 factors, 22 runs
- Surfactin production: glucose, NH4NO3, FeSO4 and MnSO4 in a single replicate of a 2^4 (Table P6.13) (Problem 6.40)Montgomery (2013) · 4 factors, 16 runs
- Penicillin in surface culture: corn steep liquor, lactose, precursor, sodium nitrate and glucose, a 2^5 in two weeks (and in four blocks of eight)Davies (1956) · 5 factors, 32 runs
- Penicillin in surface culture: corn steep liquor, lactose, precursor, sodium nitrate and glucose, a 2^5 in two weeks (and in four blocks of eight), in 4 blocksDavies (1956) · 5 factors, 32 runs
- Penicillin inoculum: five sugars at four concentrations, the responses adjusted by a controlDavies (1956) · 2 factors, 20 runs
- Cell-culture bioreactor by-product: five two-level factors, why a full 2^5 is too costlyDunn (2026) · 5 factors, 32 runs
- Variance of the T main effect: COST versus a 2^2 factorialDunn (2026) · 2 factors, 4 runs
Fractional factorial or screening
A planned part of the combinations, to find the factors that matter.
- Bioreactor yield: the 2^(4-1) half fraction with D = ABCDunn (2026) · 4 factors, 8 runs
- Extraction of an antimicrobial lipopeptide from Bacillus subtilis cultures: four solvents, pH and time in a 12-run orthogonal designGoos and Jones (2011) · 6 factors, 12 runs
- Yield of penicillin: five factors in a 2^(5-1) with E = ABCD, in four fermenters confounding BC, BE and CEDavies (1956) · 5 factors, 16 runs
- Biological drug yield: steepest ascent from a 2^(4-1) fractional factorial modelDunn (2026) · 4 factors, 8 runs
- Worked OMARS study: four factors on a simulated fed-batch bioreactor, 27-run OMARS plus three centre runs in two blocksDunn (2026) · 4 factors, 30 runs
Show the rest
- The 12-run design for the extraction experiment in coded units, made by an algorithm for D-optimal designsGoos and Jones (2011) · 6 factors, 12 runs
- The bias of the methanol main effect by the ethanol-by-propanol interaction, worked as the average of x1 x2 x3Goos and Jones (2011) · 3 factors, 12 runs
Central composite or Box-Behnken
Extra runs that fit curvature, to find an optimum.
- Bioreactor CCD around 343 K, 1.60 g/L: the profit response and its quadratic modelDunn (2026) · 2 factors, 9 runs
- Bioreactor CCD around 343 K, 1.60 g/L: the purity response and its quadratic modelDunn (2026) · 2 factors, 9 runs
- Bioreactor profit and purity optimized together: sweet spot, Derringer-Suich desirability, prediction intervalsDunn (2026) · 2 factors, 9 runs
- Bioreactor profit: the second factorial augmented to a rotatable central composite designDunn (2026) · 2 factors, 9 runs
- Transglutaminase activity against four medium components in a central composite design (Electronic J. Biotechnology) (Problem 11.37)Montgomery (2013) · 4 factors, 27 runs
Other designs
Optimal, blocked, split-plot and other designs made for the problem.
- Bioreactor profit measured at points along the paths of steepest ascent (runs 5, 6, 7 and 12)Dunn (2026) · 2 factors, 4 runs
- One-factor-at-a-time search on a bioreactor: temperature, then substrate concentrationDunn (2026) · 2 factors, 9 runs
- The extraction experiment augmented with eight D-optimal runs, to tell nine competing models apartGoos and Jones (2011) · 6 factors, 20 runs
- Yield density of a fermentation: six factors screened in a 12-run minimum-run resolution IV (MR4) designAnderson and Whitcomb (2007) · 6 factors, 12 runs
- Penicillin yield: four process variants run in random order within each of five blends of corn steep liquorBox, Hunter and Hunter (1978) · 1 factor, 20 runs